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Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
04:56

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Published on: February 6, 2018

[Genetics of neuropathies].

B Gess1, A Schirmacher, P Young

  • 1Klinik für Neurologie, Sektion für Schlafmedizin und ambulante Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149, Münster, Deutschland. burkhard.gess@gmail.com

Der Nervenarzt
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hereditary neuropathies are common neurogenetic disorders. This review covers known genes and proposes a genetic testing strategy for efficient diagnosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurogenetics
  • Neurology
  • Molecular Genetics

Context:

  • Hereditary neuropathies are frequent neurogenetic disorders with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective patient management and genetic counseling.
  • Over 40 genes are implicated, highlighting significant genetic heterogeneity.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of known genes associated with hereditary neuropathies.
  • To propose a rational genetic work-up protocol for common hereditary neuropathies.
  • To aid clinicians in diagnosing and managing these complex disorders.

Summary:

  • This review details the genetic landscape of hereditary neuropathies, noting over 40 causative genes.
  • It highlights that four genes account for approximately 90% of diagnosed cases.

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Three-dimensional Imaging of Nociceptive Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers in Human Skin Biopsies
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Three-dimensional Imaging of Nociceptive Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers in Human Skin Biopsies

Published on: April 29, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing
04:56

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Published on: February 6, 2018

Three-dimensional Imaging of Nociceptive Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers in Human Skin Biopsies
11:22

Three-dimensional Imaging of Nociceptive Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers in Human Skin Biopsies

Published on: April 29, 2013

  • A structured genetic testing approach for the most prevalent genes is presented.
  • Impact:

    • Facilitates accurate genetic diagnosis of hereditary neuropathies.
    • Aids in understanding the genetic basis of sensory and motor neuropathies.
    • Supports the development of targeted diagnostic strategies and potential future therapies.