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Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
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Selectins

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Published on: March 1, 2011

Serpins, immunity and autoimmunity: old molecules, new functions.

Mariele Gatto1, Luca Iaccarino, Anna Ghirardello

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are ancient molecules with diverse functions beyond inhibiting proteases. Dysregulation of serpins, like SERPINB3, is linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Serpins are ancient, structurally conserved proteins found across life.
  • Over 1,000 serpins are known, divided into 16 subgroups, with 37 in humans.
  • Initially known for inhibiting serine proteases, serpins have diverse roles in growth, immunity, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of serpin origin, function, and dysfunction.
  • To focus on human serpins and ov-serpins (clade B serpins).
  • To highlight the role of SERPINB3 in autoimmune disorders like SLE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on serpin evolution, function, and roles in disease.
  • Analysis of serpin expression and function in cellular processes like apoptosis and proteasome activity.
  • Examination of serpin involvement in tumorigenesis and autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • Serpins regulate cellular proliferation via apoptosis modulation and proteasome disturbance.
  • Several serpins are overexpressed in tumor cells.
  • Apoptosis dysregulation is critical in tumorigenesis and autoimmunity, with altered serpin expression implicated in SLE.

Conclusions:

  • Serpin dysfunction, particularly of ov-serpins like SERPINB3, may disrupt immune homeostasis and self-tolerance.
  • Failures in serpin function contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders.
  • Understanding serpin roles is crucial for insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.