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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Transcellular Transport of Solutes01:23

Transcellular Transport of Solutes

Transcellular transport of solutes is the movement of substances like monosaccharides and amino acids through polarized cells. This transport mechanism is primarily seen in epithelial and endothelial cells aided by membrane transport proteins such as channels and transporters. The tight junctions between these cells confine the membrane proteins to the two sides of the cell. The epithelial cells have distinct apical and basolateral domains. In contrast, the endothelial cells show the luminal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy
06:26

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

Published on: June 19, 2017

Intercellular transport of microRNAs.

Reinier A Boon1, Kasey C Vickers

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable molecules in body fluids, acting as biomarkers and therapeutics. This review explores their role in cell communication and cardiovascular disease.

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Tracking miRNA Release into Extracellular Vesicles using Flow Cytometry
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Tracking miRNA Release into Extracellular Vesicles using Flow Cytometry

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy
06:26

Analysis of the Gap Junction-dependent Transfer of miRNA with 3D-FRAP Microscopy

Published on: June 19, 2017

Tracking miRNA Release into Extracellular Vesicles using Flow Cytometry
07:29

Tracking miRNA Release into Extracellular Vesicles using Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 6, 2023

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) are found in biological fluids and are stable.
  • They are transported via vesicles, lipoproteins, and ribonucleoprotein complexes.
  • Altered miRNA signatures are observed in pathophysiologies like cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on extracellular miRNA intercellular communication.
  • To highlight outstanding questions in the field.
  • To discuss the applicability of miRNA research to cardiovascular disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on extracellular miRNAs.
  • Analysis of miRNA transport mechanisms and cellular uptake.
  • Examination of miRNA's role in cell-to-cell communication.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular miRNAs are selectively exported and delivered to recipient cells.
  • Transferred miRNAs can alter target gene expression and cellular phenotype.
  • miRNAs mediate cell-to-cell communication, impacting various biological pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular miRNAs are crucial mediators of intercellular communication.
  • Their dysregulation is linked to cardiovascular disease.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand their complexities and therapeutic potential.