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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated assembly and...
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Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Stability of structures

In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
Natural Selection and Adaptation01:15

Natural Selection and Adaptation

Natural selection, a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology, is the mechanism by which evolution is driven, favoring organisms that are best adapted to their environments. This process enhances their chances of survival and reproduction. Adaptation, a key outcome of this process, involves genetic modifications that optimize an organism's functionality under specific environmental challenges, such as extreme cold or thinner air at high altitudes.
Beyond physical adaptations, psychological...

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Studying Age-dependent Genomic Instability using the S. cerevisiae Chronological Lifespan Model
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Developmental selection against developmental instability: a direct demonstration.

Michal Polak1, Joseph L Tomkins

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA. polakm@ucmail.uc.edu

Biology Letters
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developmental selection removes unstable flies before adulthood. This hidden selection intensifies sexual selection, revealing that adult-only studies may underestimate evolutionary forces.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Developmental selection, the non-random elimination of offspring, can influence later life-cycle selection opportunities.
  • Developmental instability, marked by minor phenotypic abnormalities, is a key indicator of developmental stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly demonstrate developmental selection against developmental instability in Drosophila bipectinata.
  • To assess how temperature stress impacts developmental selection and its consequences for sexual selection.

Main Methods:

  • Exposing developing Drosophila bipectinata from two populations to increasing temperature stress.
  • Recovering and analyzing deceased males from pupal cases to assess developmental instability.
  • Comparing developmental instability between deceased and surviving flies.

Main Results:

  • Flies that died during development exhibited higher developmental instability than survivors.
  • Developmental instability was significantly higher in deceased flies under high temperature stress.
  • Reduced mating success was predicted for developmentally unstable individuals if they had survived to adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • Developmental selection acts against developmental instability, particularly under stress.
  • Ignoring developmental selection can lead to underestimation of total selection pressure on traits.
  • Developmental instability influences sexual selection dynamics in the adult population.