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Updated: May 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

Postinfectious neurologic syndromes: a prospective cohort study.

Enrico Marchioni¹, Sabrina Ravaglia, Cristina Montomoli

¹C. Mondino National Institute of Neurology Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy. enrico.marchioni@mondino.it

|January 18, 2013

Summary

Postinfectious neurologic syndromes (PINSs) often have a poor prognosis, with peripheral nervous system involvement predicting relapses. These CNS disorders differ from multiple sclerosis (MS) in age, relapse rate, and CSF findings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Mouse Footpad Inoculation Model to Study Viral-Induced Neuroinflammatory Responses

Published on: June 14, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Postinfectious neurologic syndromes (PINSs) encompass heterogeneous, sometimes relapsing, central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
Differentiating PINSs from multiple sclerosis (MS) and understanding PINSs prognosis are clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the spectrum of PINSs.
To identify predictors of outcome in PINSs.
To distinguish PINSs from MS based on clinical and paraclinical features.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study of 176 adult inpatients with PINSs.
Inclusion of extensive diagnostic assessment and therapeutic protocols.
Comparison with newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with MS.

Main Results:

PINSs included CNS syndromes (64%) and CNS+peripheral nervous system (PNS) syndromes (36%).
Relapses occurred in 30.5%, with PNS involvement as a risk factor (HR 2.8).
Poor outcome seen in 43%; risk factors included older age, disability, and PNS involvement. Steroid resistance occurred in 30%.

Conclusions:

PINSs classification needs revision due to poor prognosis and heterogeneity.
PNS involvement is critical for relapses, predominantly affecting the spine.
PINSs differ from MS by older age, lower relapse tendency, and distinct CSF profiles.