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Related Concept Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy.

Kazuyuki Koike1

  • 1Division of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan. koike@phys.sci.hokudai.ac.jp

Microscopy (Oxford, England)
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin-SEM) images magnetic domains by detecting electron polarization. This advanced technique offers high resolution and detailed 3D surface analysis for materials science research.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Magnetic domain observation is crucial for understanding material properties.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in resolution or surface applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and highlight the capabilities of spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy (spin-SEM).
  • To showcase spin-SEM's advantages for magnetic domain imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizes a scanning electron microscope equipped with a spin detector.
  • Detects the polarization of emitted secondary electrons to form an image.
  • Achieves high spatial resolution (around 3 nm).

Main Results:

  • Enables detection of all three magnetization vector components, revealing magnetization direction.
  • Applicable to rough and 3D surfaces.
  • Can be combined with other electron probe techniques (e.g., Auger, EBSD) for multi-modal analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-SEM is a powerful tool for detailed magnetic domain observation.
  • Its high resolution and surface adaptability make it valuable for diverse applications.
  • Integration with other techniques enhances its utility in materials research and industry.