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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
07:24

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis

Published on: May 10, 2021

Atomic-resolution environmental TEM for quantitative in-situ microscopy in materials science.

Seiji Takeda1, Hideto Yoshida

  • 1Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. takeda@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp

Microscopy (Oxford, England)
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) reveals gold nanoparticle catalyst structural changes during CO oxidation. Quantitative analysis establishes diagrams predicting catalyst structure and morphology under reaction conditions.

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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Quantitative Atomic-Site Analysis of Functional Dopants/Point Defects in Crystalline Materials by Electron-Channeling-Enhanced Microanalysis
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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: December 20, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) enables in-situ studies of catalysts.
  • Real catalysts exhibit heterogeneity and are affected by electron irradiation.
  • Understanding catalyst behavior under reaction conditions is crucial for optimizing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address challenges in applying ETEM for quantitative catalyst studies.
  • To investigate the structural evolution and morphology of gold nanoparticles during CO oxidation.
  • To correlate ETEM observations with catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ quantitative environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM).
  • Establishment of structural evolution and morphology phase diagrams.
  • Numerical and statistical analysis of ETEM images.
  • Cs-corrected ETEM for atomic-scale imaging.

Main Results:

  • A structural evolution diagram was developed, accounting for electron irradiation effects.
  • Extrapolation to zero electron dose and current density allowed deduction of intrinsic catalyst structures.
  • A morphology phase diagram was created, showing gold nanoparticle shape changes with CO and O(2) partial pressures.
  • Surface reconstruction of gold nanoparticles and observation of CO molecules under reaction conditions were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • ETEM is a powerful tool for quantitative, atomic-scale in-situ microscopy of catalysts.
  • Developed diagrams aid in understanding phenomena directly related to catalytic activity.
  • Catalyst surfaces undergo structural reconstruction due to interactions with CO molecules under reaction conditions.