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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions
07:49

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Published on: September 17, 2014

Enhanced Controlled Transdermal Delivery of Ambroxol from the EVA Matrix.

C W Cho1, D B Kim, H W Cho

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon-305 764, Korea.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Transdermal ambroxol delivery using an EVA matrix with enhancers offers a promising alternative to oral administration. This method maintains therapeutic blood levels and minimizes systemic side effects.

Keywords:
AmbroxolEVA matrixpenetration enhancerplasticizertransdermal delivery

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Oral ambroxol administration can lead to systemic adverse effects.
  • Transdermal drug delivery offers a potential solution for sustained therapeutic levels.
  • Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrices are explored for controlled drug release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transdermal delivery of ambroxol using an EVA matrix.
  • To optimize drug release and skin permeation parameters.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of penetration enhancers for ambroxol transdermal delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Ambroxol release studies from EVA matrices at varying concentrations and temperatures.
  • Solubility studies with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400).
  • Rat skin permeation studies using Franz diffusion cells with various enhancers.

Main Results:

  • Optimal ambroxol solubility was observed at 40% PEG 400.
  • Drug release rate increased with temperature and drug loading.
  • Polyoxyethylene-2-oleyl ether enhanced ambroxol permeation by 4.25-fold.

Conclusions:

  • EVA matrix formulation with plasticizers and enhancers facilitates improved transdermal ambroxol delivery.
  • This approach minimizes systemic side effects associated with oral ambroxol.
  • Further development could lead to effective transdermal ambroxol therapies.