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Related Concept Videos

Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector
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Thermal phase change actuator for self-tracking solar concentration.

E J Tremblay1, D Loterie, C Moser

  • 1Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. eric.tremblay@epfl.ch

Optics Express
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrate a sunlight-activated actuator for solar concentrators. This phase change device enables self-tracking for efficient light coupling, insensitive to incidence angle.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Renewable Energy Engineering

Background:

  • Solar energy concentration requires efficient light coupling into lightguides.
  • Adaptive mechanisms are needed to maintain optimal coupling despite varying solar incidence angles.
  • Phase change materials offer potential for light-activated actuation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a proof of principle for a sunlight-activated in-plane actuator.
  • To propose a self-tracking mechanism for planar solar concentrators using this actuator.
  • To investigate the use of focused sunlight for adaptive solar energy coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and testing of a planar actuator array.
  • Activation using focused light from a solar simulator.
  • Demonstration of solar light-activated frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR).
  • Spectral splitting of sunlight for actuation energy.

Main Results:

  • Achieved in-plane deflections exceeding 50μm with focused light.
  • Successfully demonstrated solar light-activated FTIR with the actuator array.
  • Proposed a concept for spectral modification using a dichroic facet array.

Conclusions:

  • The developed actuator shows potential as a self-tracking mechanism for planar solar concentrators.
  • Sunlight-activated FTIR offers a pathway for adaptive solar light coupling.
  • Further development could lead to enhanced efficiency in solar energy systems.