Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 15, 2026
03:37
Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
Published on: June 8, 2021
Pharmacogenetics of clinical response to risperidone
Adrián Llerena1, Roland Berecz, Eva Peñas-Lledó
1University of Extremadura Medical School, Badajoz, Spain. allerena@unex.es
Pharmacogenomics
|January 19, 2013
Summary
Pharmacogenetics can personalize risperidone treatment by predicting side effects and efficacy. Key genes like CYP2D6 and ABCB1 influence drug levels and adverse reactions, but routine genetic screening is not yet recommended.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Genetics
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Risperidone is an effective antipsychotic, but individual responses vary.
- Pharmacogenetic insights can optimize risperidone's clinical application.
- Understanding genetic influences on risperidone is crucial for personalized medicine.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review genetic polymorphisms impacting risperidone's efficacy and adverse reactions.
- To assess the potential of pharmacogenetics in routine clinical practice for risperidone therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on genetic polymorphisms and risperidone.
- Analysis of genes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2D6, CYP3A, ABCB1).
- Identification of genes associated with adverse reactions (e.g., neuroleptic syndrome, weight gain).
Main Results:
- CYP2D6, CYP3A, and ABCB1 polymorphisms significantly affect risperidone plasma concentrations and interactions.
- These genes, along with others (5HT2A, DRD2), are linked to adverse effects like neuroleptic syndrome, weight gain, and prolactin increase.
- Genes such as 5HTR2A, DRD2, DRD3, 5-HTTLPR, and COMT show associations with negative clinical outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Pharmacogenetic factors, particularly CYP2D6, CYP3A, and ABCB1, play a role in risperidone response.
- While several genes are linked to adverse reactions and efficacy, current evidence does not support routine genetic screening for risperidone therapy.
- Further research is needed to establish the clinical utility of routine pharmacogenetic testing for risperidone.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
01:29Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview
Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview
Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
01:27Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
01:29Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
01:24Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems
The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...