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Updated: May 15, 2026

Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
Published on: December 9, 2015
Regulatory perspective on remaining challenges for utilization of pharmacogenomics-guided drug developments
Yasuto Otsubo1, Akihiro Ishiguro, Yoshiaki Uyama
1Office of New Drug II, Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Tokyo 100-0013, Japan.
Abstract:
Pharmacogenomics-guided drug development has been implemented in practice in the last decade, resulting in increased labeling of drugs with pharmacogenomic information. However, there are still many challenges remaining in utilizing this process. Here, we describe such remaining challenges from the regulatory perspective, specifically focusing on sample collection, biomarker qualification, ethnic factors, codevelopment of companion diagnostics and means to provide drugs for off-target patients. To improve the situation, it is important to strengthen international harmonization and collaboration among academia, industries and regulatory agencies, followed by the establishment of an international guideline on this topic. Communication with a regulatory agency from an early stage of drug development is also a key to success.
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