Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vaccination in individuals with Down syndrome: immune vulnerability, safety, efficacy and opportunities.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

DYRK1A and Parkinson's disease, facts and hypotheses.

Neurobiology of disease·2026
Same author

Helminth infection induces malabsorption of dietary fat via STAT6-dependent intestinal MTTP suppression.

Journal of advanced research·2026
Same author

Associations between the microbiome and immune responses to an adenovirus-based HIV-1 candidate vaccine are distinct between African and US cohorts.

mSystems·2026
Same author

Regional encoding of enteric nervous system responses to microbiota and type 2 inflammation.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Type 2 cytokines act on enteric sensory neurons to regulate neuropeptide-driven host defense.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

ATG5 regulates plasma cell differentiation.

Kara L Conway1, Petric Kuballa, Bernard Khor

  • 1Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Autophagy
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy gene ATG5 is crucial for plasma cell homeostasis and antibody production. Its absence in B cells significantly impairs antibody responses during infections and inflammation.

Keywords:
ATG5B lymphocytesantibody secretionimmunityplasma cell differentiation

More Related Videos

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a cellular degradation process vital for homeostasis.
  • ATG5 is essential for autophagosome formation and previously linked to T cell function and B cell development.
  • The specific role of autophagy genes in B cell function and antibody production remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autophagy gene ATG5 in B cell function and antibody production.
  • To determine the necessity of ATG5 for plasma cell homeostasis and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Conditional deletion of Atg5 in B lymphocytes of mice.
  • Assessment of antibody responses following antigen-specific immunization, parasitic infection, and mucosal inflammation.
  • Analysis of immunoglobulin production, class-switch recombination, SDC1 expression, antibody secretion, and plasma cell transcription factor upregulation in Atg5-deficient B cells.

Main Results:

  • Conditional deletion of ATG5 in B cells impairs plasma cell homeostasis.
  • Antibody responses were significantly diminished in Atg5-deficient mice during various immune challenges.
  • Atg5-deficient B cells showed impaired SDC1 expression, reduced antibody secretion, and failed to upregulate key plasma cell transcription factors, despite maintaining immunoglobulin production and class-switch recombination.

Conclusions:

  • ATG5 is essential for late B cell activation and plasma cell differentiation.
  • Autophagy, mediated by ATG5, plays a critical role in maintaining antibody production and plasma cell homeostasis.
  • These findings highlight ATG5's importance beyond early B cell development, extending to adaptive immunity and humoral responses.