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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Autophagy and Crohn's disease.

Hang Thi Thu Nguyen1, Pierre Lapaquette, Marie-Agnès Bringer

  • 1UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d'Auvergne, Paris, France.

Journal of Innate Immunity
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Genetic variants in NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM influence Crohn's disease (CD) risk by affecting autophagy, a key part of innate immunity. Understanding these genetic links improves our knowledge of CD molecular pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies, have identified key genes involved in Crohn's disease (CD) predisposition.
  • NOD2, an intracellular pathogen sensor, and autophagy genes like ATG16L1 and IRGM are implicated in CD pathogenesis.
  • These discoveries highlight the critical role of innate immunity and autophagy in the disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on genetic variants associated with Crohn's disease.
  • To explore the contribution of NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM variants to autophagy functions.
  • To enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Crohn's disease pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and genetic association studies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

  • Analysis of polymorphisms in NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM genes.
  • Examination of the impact of these variants on autophagy pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific polymorphisms in NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM are confirmed risk factors for Crohn's disease.
    • These genetic variants significantly influence the function of autophagy.
    • Autophagy plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response relevant to CD.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic variants in NOD2, ATG16L1, and IRGM are crucial in Crohn's disease development.
    • Dysfunctional autophagy resulting from these genetic variations contributes to CD pathophysiology.
    • Further research into these genetic-autophagy interactions is essential for understanding and potentially treating Crohn's disease.