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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Visualizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T Cells using MHC Class II Tetramers
15:42

Visualizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T Cells using MHC Class II Tetramers

Published on: March 6, 2009

Tracking antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells using MHC class I multimers.

Cécile Alanio1, Isabelle Bouvier1, Hélène Jusforgues-Saklani1

  • 1Immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Unité Mixte Pasteur/Inserm U818, Institut Pasteur and Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This protocol details using Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) multimers to track antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. This method enables staining, enrichment, and enumeration of rare T cell populations for immune response studies.

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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
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Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Visualizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T Cells using MHC Class II Tetramers
15:42

Visualizing Antigen Specific CD4+ T Cells using MHC Class II Tetramers

Published on: March 6, 2009

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
08:10

Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Tracking epitope-specific T cells is crucial for understanding adaptive immunity.
  • Current methods may face challenges in enumerating rare T cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a protocol for staining, enriching, and enumerating antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells using MHC-I multimers.
  • To provide detailed steps for multimer labeling, magnetic enrichment, and cytometric analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) multimers for T cell staining.
  • Employing magnetic enrichment techniques for isolating specific T cell populations.
  • Performing cytometric analysis for enumeration and characterization of T cells.

Main Results:

  • The protocol allows for the detection and quantification of rare antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells.
  • Multiplexing strategies enable simultaneous detection of multiple T cell specificities.
  • Integration with functional assays like intracellular cytokine staining is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • MHC-I multimer-based staining and enrichment is an effective method for studying T cell responses.
  • This protocol offers a robust approach for assessing the immune repertoire.
  • Future advancements in cytometry and gene expression will further enhance these analyses.