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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
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Published on: December 31, 2007

Analyzing antigen recognition by Natural Killer T cells.

Sebastian Zeissig1,2, Torsten Olszak1, Espen Melum1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are crucial immune cells that recognize lipid antigens. This chapter explores methods for studying NKT cell antigen recognition, focusing on CD1d tetramer approaches and in vitro assays.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Immunology
  • T Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a specialized T lymphocyte subset.
  • NKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules.
  • They play key roles in immunity and autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for studying NKT cell antigen recognition.
  • To cover CD1d tetramer-based approaches.
  • To detail in vitro assays for NKT cell activation.

Main Methods:

  • CD1d tetramer-based approaches for NKT cell detection.
  • In vitro assays to characterize NKT cell activation.
  • Focus on lipid antigen presentation mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • NKT cells rapidly activate upon antigen recognition.
  • Activated NKT cells secrete various cytokines (Th1, Th2, Th17).
  • NKT cells influence other immune cells, shaping immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding NKT cell antigen recognition is vital for immunology.
  • CD1d tetramer and in vitro assays are key research tools.
  • NKT cells are critical for antimicrobial, anticancer, and autoimmune responses.