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Cysteine oxidative posttranslational modifications: emerging regulation in the cardiovascular system
Heaseung S Chung1, Sheng-Bing Wang, Vidya Venkatraman
1Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Circulation Research
|January 19, 2013
Summary
Oxidative balance impacts cellular function via redox-signaling. This review explores cysteine modifications as redox-switches, crucial for understanding cellular responses to oxidative stress.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cellular Physiology
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Oxidative balance is critical in cardiovascular physiology, influencing cellular functions through redox-signaling pathways.
- Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) modulate cellular processes, from metabolism to cytotoxicity, by altering protein function.
- Cysteine thiols are key targets for oxidative posttranslational modifications (PTMs), acting as critical redox-switches.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cysteine oxidative PTMs and their roles as redox-switches in cellular signaling.
- To discuss the cross-talk between redox-signaling and other PTM pathways.
- To highlight advancements in tools for identifying and quantifying these modifications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of redox-signaling mechanisms.
- Analysis of cysteine oxidative PTMs and their functional implications.
- Discussion of emerging technologies for PTM characterization.
Main Results:
- Cysteine PTMs function as regulatory switches, mediating cellular responses to oxidative stimuli.
- These modifications can influence other signaling pathways through cross-talk.
- Numerous tools are being developed to identify and quantify cysteine oxidative PTMs.
Conclusions:
- Understanding cysteine oxidative PTMs is essential for deciphering cellular redox-regulation.
- Characterizing these modifications advances knowledge of physiological and pathological processes.
- New tools will accelerate the discovery of redox-switch functions.
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