Radiological features of osteoid osteoma: pictorial review
Jahanbakhsh Hashemi1, Mohammad Gharahdaghi, Emad Ansaripour
1Department of Radiology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Summary
Osteoid osteoma diagnosis relies on imaging. Computed tomography (CT) effectively visualizes the nidus, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels at detecting surrounding abnormalities.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Oncology
- Radiology
- Bone Tumors
Background:
- Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor characterized by a central nidus and surrounding sclerosis.
- Radiographic features include cortical, medullary, and subperiosteal types.
- Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Observation:
- A retrospective study analyzed 44 patients with osteoid osteoma.
- Plain films showed 35 cortical, 6 medullary, and 3 subperiosteal types.
- The nidus was consistently visualized on computed tomography (CT) scans.
Findings:
- Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the nidus in all evaluated cases.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualized the nidus in 80% of cases and was more sensitive for adjacent bone marrow and soft tissue abnormalities.
- The double-density sign on radionuclide bone scans was positive in all patients.
Implications:
- CT is highly specific for identifying the osteoid osteoma nidus.
- MRI offers superior sensitivity for detecting extralesional abnormalities and nidus proximity to the medullary zone.
- Combined imaging modalities enhance diagnostic accuracy for osteoid osteoma.
Related Concept Videos
01:24X-ray Imaging
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
01:17Gross Anatomy of Bone
The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
01:29Positron Emission Tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
01:30Radiological Investigation I: X-ray and CT
Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and the...
01:40Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.