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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays
09:58

Computer Numerical Control Micromilling of a Microfluidic Acrylic Device with a Staggered Restriction for Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Immunoassays

Published on: June 23, 2022

Recent developments in emerging microimmunoassays.

Christine F Woolley1, Mark A Hayes

  • 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University, PO Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.

Bioanalysis
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novel microimmunoassay methods enhance clinical tests by improving sensitivity, speed, and cost. This review covers innovative platforms from 2008-2012, assessing their potential to advance diagnostic capabilities.

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Published on: December 12, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Microimmunoassays are crucial for clinical testing, but existing methods face limitations.
  • There is a continuous need for improved sensitivity, speed, cost-effectiveness, and ease of use in diagnostic assays.
  • Current commercial tests may not fully address all clinical diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review innovative microimmunoassay developments from January 2008 to April 2012.
  • To assess novel experimental platforms that go beyond existing commercial tests.
  • To evaluate the potential of these new approaches to improve clinical testing metrics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microimmunoassay research published between January 2008 and April 2012.
  • Analysis of innovative microimmunoassay platforms and their underlying technologies.
  • Comparison of emerging experimental platforms with current commercial microimmunoassay approaches.

Main Results:

  • Numerous creative and novel microimmunoassay approaches have emerged across various scientific fields.
  • Developments focus on enhancing sensitivity, speed, cost, sample size, multiplexing, and usability.
  • Platforms include microarrays for parallel assays and mobile solid-support formats to reduce background noise and incubation times.

Conclusions:

  • Innovative microimmunoassay platforms show promise for augmenting or replacing current commercial methods.
  • These advancements aim to significantly improve the performance and efficiency of clinical diagnostic tests.
  • The reviewed technologies represent the cutting edge in microimmunoassay development for future clinical applications.