Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects and mechanism of low-intensity pulsed ultrasounds on testicular steroidogenesis in rats.

Asian journal of andrology·2026

Same author

Amniotic fluid stem cell therapy improves erectile function in a diabetic rat model.

Andrology·2025

Same author

Exploring the Mechanisms of Microenergy Acoustic Pulse Therapy for the Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence-Part II.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025

Same author

Reporting quality of animal research in journals that published the ARRIVE 1.0 or ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: a cross-sectional analysis of 943 studies.

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy·2025

Same author

Microenergy shockwave therapies for female stress urinary incontinence.

Translational andrology and urology·2024

Same author

Regulating Tissue Growth Factors for Healing With Etherified Carboxymethylcellulose Matrix.

Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34⁺ Stem Cells from Mice

Published on: December 22, 2023

Defining vascular stem cells.

Ching-Shwun Lin¹, Tom F Lue

¹Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0738, USA. clin@urology.ucsf.edu

Stem Cells and Development

|January 22, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vascular stem cells (VSCs), previously termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reside in vessel walls. Adventitial progenitor cells (APCs) are likely VSCs due to their differentiation potential and paracrine function.

More Related Videos

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 13, 2024

Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Published on: June 20, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34+ Stem Cells from Mice

Immunomagnetic Isolation of the Vascular Wall-Resident CD34⁺ Stem Cells from Mice

Published on: December 22, 2023

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 13, 2024

Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Precision Ultrasound-guided Stem Cell Delivery for Vascular Repair in Aortic Diseases

Published on: June 20, 2025

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Vascular biology
Tissue engineering

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in adult tissues, often near or within blood vessels.
The term "perivascular" is commonly used, but evidence suggests the vessel wall is the precise location.
This highlights the need for a more accurate classification and understanding of these cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose "vascular stem cells (VSCs)" as a more accurate term for MSCs located in vessel walls.
To identify and differentiate between potential VSC populations, specifically pericytes and adventitial progenitor cells (APCs).
To evaluate the functional characteristics and differentiation potential of these cell populations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing evidence on MSC location and markers.
Comparative analysis of pericytes and APCs regarding their functional naivety and differentiation capacity.
Assessment of in vitro and in vivo differentiation capabilities of APCs.

Main Results:

Pericyte markers are not specific, and pericytes exhibit high functional diversity, limiting their differentiation capacity.
Adventitial progenitor cells (APCs) are functionally naive and better candidates for VSCs.
APCs demonstrate in vitro differentiation into pericytes, vascular cells, and mesenchymal cells, with in vivo potential for mesenchymal differentiation.

Conclusions:

Adventitial progenitor cells (APCs) are proposed as vascular stem cells (VSCs) due to their differentiation potential.
VSCs possess significant paracrine capacity, contributing to tissue homeostasis by regulating local mesenchymal cell activity.
Further in vivo research is warranted to explore the proposed functions of VSCs in tissue maintenance.