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Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism
09:03

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Expressive drawing ability in children with autism.

Richard P Jolley1, Rachael O'Kelly, Claire M Barlow

  • 1School of Psychology, Sport and Exercise, Staffordshire University, UK. r.jolley@staffs.ac.uk

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with autism show drawing skills comparable to peers with similar learning difficulties. However, social-emotional impairments in autism impact their drawings of people and social scenes, revealing developmental differences.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
06:15

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism

Published on: October 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Art Therapy

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by challenges in social-emotional reciprocity and imagination.
  • Expressive drawing is a tool to assess cognitive and emotional development in children.
  • Previous research suggests potential differences in artistic expression among children with autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate qualitative differences in expressive drawings by children with autism.
  • To determine if autistic impairments in social-emotional competence and imagination influence drawing abilities beyond general learning difficulties.
  • To compare drawings from children with autism to control groups matched for learning difficulty, mental age, and chronological age.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 60 children aged 5-19 years participated.
  • Participants included 15 children with non-savant autism and three control groups (matched for MLD, MA, CA).
  • Drawings depicting happy and sad emotions were collected and rated on a 7-point quality of expression scale by two artists.

Main Results:

  • Drawings from the autistic group were rated similarly to the mental age (MA) and moderate learning difficulty (MLD) control groups.
  • Children with autism did not draw fewer people but produced more immature forms compared to MA controls.
  • Tentative evidence suggested fewer social scenes were drawn by the autism sample.

Conclusions:

  • The overall quality of expressive drawing in children with autism is commensurate with their general learning difficulties.
  • Specific social-emotional impairments in autism appear to affect the depiction of people and social interactions in their drawings.
  • Drawing analysis reveals nuanced impacts of autism on social-emotional and imaginative expression.