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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT
10:30

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Published on: April 1, 2019

Commuting by car: weight gain among physically active adults.

Takemi Sugiyama1, Ding Ding, Neville Owen

  • 1Behavioural Epidemiology Department, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia. takemi.sugiyama@bakeridi.edu.au

American Journal of Preventive Medicine
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Daily car commuting is linked to greater weight gain over four years, especially in physically active adults. Reducing sedentary time may help prevent this weight gain.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Prolonged sedentary behavior, including car commuting, negatively impacts health.
  • Understanding the link between commuting habits and weight gain is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between car commuting frequency and adult weight gain over a four-year period.
  • To determine if car commuting contributes to weight gain in adults.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 822 Australian adults tracked weight change over four years.
  • Participants were categorized by daily, occasional, or non-car commuting habits.
  • Multilevel linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Daily car commuters gained significantly more weight (2.18 kg) compared to non-car commuters (1.26 kg) over four years.
  • The association between car commuting and weight gain was more pronounced in individuals with sufficient leisure-time physical activity.
  • Physically active non-car commuters showed minimal weight gain (0.46 kg).

Conclusions:

  • Daily car commuting is associated with increased weight gain in adults.
  • Reducing sedentary time, particularly for physically active individuals, may be key to preventing weight gain.
  • Public health strategies should consider commuting behaviors when addressing adult obesity.