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Related Concept Videos

Drug Distribution: Overview01:11

Drug Distribution: Overview

Drug distribution within the body is a dynamic process involving the movement of a drug in two directions across various compartments: from the bloodstream into tissues (tissue uptake) and from tissues back into the bloodstream (tissue release or redistribution). This process is passive and primarily driven by two variables: the concentration gradient between the bloodstream and the extravascular tissues and the drug's ability to cross the cell membrane.
Initially, the free drug in the...
Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...
Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles01:21

Pharmacodynamics: Overview and Principles

Pharmacodynamics is a scientific field that delves into drugs' intricate biochemical, cellular, and physiological effects on the human body. The study of pharmacodynamics helps us understand how drugs interact with the body and elicit various responses.
Most drugs' effects result from their interactions with drug receptors or targets within the body. These interactions trigger specific responses at the cellular or systemic level. Drug receptors can be found on the surfaces of cells or within...

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Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
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[Resveratrol: distribution, properties and perspectives].

Juan Gambini1, Raúl López-Grueso, Gloria Olaso-González

  • 1Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.

Revista Espanola De Geriatria Y Gerontologia
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Resveratrol, found in grapes, shows potent in vitro health benefits but limited in vivo effects due to low bioavailability. Research now focuses on developing resveratrol derivatives to enhance tissue delivery and efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • * Phytochemistry and Natural Products
  • * Pharmacology and Therapeutics
  • * Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements

Background:

  • * Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes, red wine, and other plants, known for its role as a phytoalexin.
  • * Traditional medicine has utilized plant extracts containing resveratrol for over 2000 years.
  • * Scientific investigation into resveratrol's properties began approximately thirty years ago, revealing extensive in vitro activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the in vitro and in vivo properties of resveratrol.
  • * To investigate the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo study findings.
  • * To explore potential strategies for overcoming resveratrol's bioavailability limitations.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive review of existing scientific literature on resveratrol.
  • * Analysis of studies reporting on resveratrol's in vitro and in vivo effects.
  • * Examination of research related to resveratrol's absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability.

Main Results:

  • * Extensive in vitro studies demonstrate resveratrol's potent anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation properties.
  • * In vivo studies report potential benefits for cardiovascular health, diabetes, and longevity, but results are inconsistent.
  • * High oral absorption of resveratrol is followed by rapid metabolism, resulting in very low bioavailability in target tissues.

Conclusions:

  • * Resveratrol exhibits significant therapeutic potential demonstrated in vitro.
  • * The low bioavailability of resveratrol in vivo limits the translation of its in vitro effects.
  • * Future research should focus on developing resveratrol derivatives with improved bioavailability to enhance therapeutic outcomes.