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Related Experiment Videos

Fibronectin controls capillary endothelial cell growth by modulating cell shape.

D E Ingber1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Fibronectin (FN) regulates endothelial cell growth by influencing cell shape and adhesion. Increased FN contact density promotes cell spreading and proliferation, highlighting the importance of mechanical forces in cell growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Fibronectin (FN) is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in cell adhesion and migration.
  • Angiogenic mitogens stimulate endothelial cell growth, a critical process in development and disease.
  • The precise mechanisms by which FN influences endothelial cell proliferation remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of fibronectin (FN) in regulating capillary endothelial cell growth.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which FN-mediated cell adhesion influences endothelial cell proliferation in the presence of angiogenic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an in vitro system using chemically defined medium with basic fibroblast growth factor.
  • Manipulated cell-FN contact formation using varying FN densities, RGD peptide inhibition, and polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate coatings.

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  • Utilized computerized morphometric analysis to quantify cell shape and DNA synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Endothelial cell extension and proliferation increased with higher FN coating concentrations.
    • Cell shape and DNA synthesis levels were tightly coupled to FN contact density and cell spreading.
    • Soluble FN or FN-coated microbeads did not affect growth when cell spreading was prohibited.

    Conclusions:

    • Fibronectin (FN) controls capillary endothelial cell proliferation through tension-dependent alterations in cell shape.
    • FN's regulation of cell growth depends on integrin binding and the mechanical resistance applied to these receptors.
    • Cellular response to FN is mediated by physical interactions and mechanical forces, not just soluble binding.