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Related Concept Videos

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes01:33

Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...

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Genomic instability in cancer.

Tarek Abbas1, Mignon A Keaton, Anindya Dutta

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ensuring accurate DNA replication is vital for preventing genomic instability. Cells employ multiple mechanisms to safeguard DNA, and defects can lead to cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Accurate DNA replication is crucial for cell division and preventing genomic instability.
  • Genomic instability, characterized by genetic alterations, can arise from errors during DNA replication.
  • Organisms utilize sophisticated mechanisms to maintain DNA fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms ensuring DNA replication fidelity.
  • To explore how DNA replication processes can lead to genomic instability.
  • To highlight the link between replication errors, genomic instability, and human malignancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA replication and genomic stability.
  • Classification of DNA replication control mechanisms.
  • Analysis of DNA damage response and checkpoint pathways.

Main Results:

  • DNA replication fidelity is maintained by two main classes of mechanisms: preventing re-replication and responding to DNA damage.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-dependent and independent pathways regulate replication initiation.
  • Higher eukaryotes possess additional mechanisms to prevent aberrant replication and maintain genome stability.
  • DNA damage checkpoints and repair mechanisms are essential for genome integrity.
  • Defects in these safeguards contribute to genomic instability and cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant DNA replication is a significant source of genomic instability.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is critical for comprehending cancer development.
  • Cellular safeguards against replication errors are fundamental for preventing genetic alterations and disease.