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Superheavy element flerovium (element 114) is a volatile metal.

Inorganic chemistry·2014
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Discovery of the heaviest elements.

Fritz P Heßberger1

  • 1GSI-Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany. f.p.hessberger@gsi.de

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are synthesizing new superheavy elements (SHEs) using advanced nuclear physics techniques. Element discoveries for Z=114 and Z=116 are confirmed, while others, including element 113, await verification from international research groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Atomic and Nuclear Chemistry

Background:

  • Superheavy elements (SHEs) represent the furthest extensions of the periodic table.
  • The synthesis of SHEs pushes the boundaries of our understanding of nuclear stability and forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the ongoing quest for the synthesis of new superheavy elements, specifically focusing on elements Z=113 to 118.
  • To highlight the current status of discoveries and the verification process by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing enhanced experimental techniques in nuclear physics.
  • Employing reactions involving Calcium-48 (Ca) projectiles and targets of heavy elements such as Neptunium (Np) to Californium (Cf).

Main Results:

  • Synthesis claims for elements Z=113 to 118 have been made.
  • The discovery of element 114 (Flerovium) and element 116 (Livermorium) has been officially accepted by IUPAC.
  • Element 113 discovery claims are pending, with contributions from research groups in Japan and Russia.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesis of SHEs is an active and evolving field in nuclear physics.
  • Experimental advancements are crucial for expanding the periodic table.
  • International collaboration and rigorous verification are essential for scientific acceptance of new element discoveries.