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Related Concept Videos

Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...

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RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing
12:05

RIBO-seq in Bacteria: a Sample Collection and Library Preparation Protocol for NGS Sequencing

Published on: August 7, 2021

Defining the bacteroides ribosomal binding site.

Udo Wegmann1, Nikki Horn, Simon R Carding

  • 1Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom. udo.wegmann@ifr.ac.uk

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new genetic tools for studying Bacteroides bacteria, which are abundant in the human gut. These tools enable better understanding of Bacteroides

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The human gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal microorganisms, with Bacteroides species being highly abundant in the colon.
  • Bacteroidetes possess unique transcription initiation signals, necessitating specialized genetic tools for their study.
  • Existing genetic tools are suboptimal for investigating the roles and functions of Bacteroides in the gut environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel genetic tools for enhanced protein expression in the genus Bacteroides.
  • To identify and characterize translation initiation signals specific to Bacteroides.
  • To facilitate research on the functions of Bacteroides in the human gastrointestinal tract.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a series of expression vectors tailored for Bacteroides.
  • Evaluation of pepI from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis as a novel reporter gene.
  • Identification of the 3' end of Bacteroides ovatus 16S rRNA and analysis of its ribosomal binding site.

Main Results:

  • Development of expression vectors enabling varied protein expression levels in Bacteroides.
  • Successful use of pepI as a reporter gene in Bacteroides.
  • Characterization of a core ribosomal binding site sequence crucial for efficient translation in Bacteroides ovatus, incorporated into vector design.

Conclusions:

  • The developed genetic tools and characterized regulatory elements significantly improve the study of Bacteroides.
  • The findings on translation initiation signals are applicable to the broader order Bacteroidales.
  • These advancements will aid in elucidating the roles of these important gut bacteria.