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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
What is the Immune System?01:38

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Inflammation

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Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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NETs: the missing link between cell death and systemic autoimmune diseases?

Erika Darrah1, Felipe Andrade

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic autoimmune diseases involve cell death, with apoptosis and NETosis being key. Understanding these complex cell death pathways is crucial for developing new treatments for autoimmune conditions.

Keywords:
NETosisNETsapoptosisautoimmune diseasecell deathnecrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • For two decades, apoptosis and secondary necrosis were considered primary drivers of autoimmunity.
  • Previous research on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) focused on apoptosis due to limited knowledge of other cell death forms.
  • Emerging research indicates diverse cell death mechanisms with varying immune stimulatory or inhibitory capacities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of cell death, specifically apoptosis and NETosis, in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight current limitations in understanding the complexity of cell death in autoimmunity.
  • To explore a potential paradigm shift in understanding cell death's role in autoimmune pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on apoptosis and NETosis in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of existing research on cell death pathways and their immune system interactions.
  • Discussion of the implications of NETosis in the context of autoimmune disease models.

Main Results:

  • NETosis, a neutrophil extracellular trap formation, is increasingly implicated in autoimmune diseases like SLE, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and Felty's syndrome.
  • Despite extensive research, a unifying theory for cell death in autoimmunity is lacking, and effective therapeutics remain undeveloped.
  • The inclusion of NETosis reveals greater complexity and raises new questions regarding its role in autoimmune pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of diverse cell death pathways is essential for advancing autoimmune disease research.
  • Identifying specific active death pathways and disease propagation drivers is critical for therapeutic development.
  • Further investigation into the complex interplay of cell death mechanisms may unlock novel treatment strategies for autoimmune conditions.