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Related Concept Videos

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
09:00

Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

Need an ESCRT for autophagosomal maturation?

Marion Manil-Segalén1, Christophe Lefebvre, Emmanuel Culetto

  • 1Centre de Génétique Moléculaire; Université Paris-Sud; CNRS UPR3404; Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.

Communicative & Integrative Biology
|January 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) inactivation affects autophagy differently across species. The interaction level between endosomes and autophagosomes, particularly amphisome formation, explains these variations.

Keywords:
ATG8/LC3/LGG-1C. elegansVPSE proteinsamphisomesautophagosomesendosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular and cell biology
  • Autophagy and endocytosis research

Background:

  • Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is crucial for endosomal maturation.
  • ESCRT inactivation has been linked to blocked endosomal maturation and increased autophagosomes in various cell types.
  • Previous studies reported conflicting effects of ESCRT mutations on autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and reconcile data on ESCRT inactivation's impact on autophagy across different model organisms.
  • To elucidate the species-specific mechanisms underlying the relationship between ESCRT, endosomes, and autophagosomes.
  • To identify key factors influencing the interplay between autophagosomes and endosomes in the context of ESCRT function.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of existing research findings from studies in flies, nematodes, and mammalian cells.
  • Review and synthesis of data on endosomal maturation and autophagosome biogenesis.
  • Examination of the role of amphisome formation in connecting autophagosomes and endosomes.

Main Results:

  • ESCRT inactivation's effect on the autophagosome-endosome relationship is not universal and varies by species.
  • The degree of interaction between autophagosomes and endosomes dictates the impact of ESCRT mutations on autophagy.
  • Amphisome formation emerges as a critical factor in explaining species-specific differences.

Conclusions:

  • The influence of ESCRT mutations on autophagy is context-dependent, varying significantly across different model organisms.
  • The level of autophagosome-endosome interaction, specifically amphisome formation, is a key determinant of these species-specific effects.
  • Utilizing multiple model organisms is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics between endosomes and autophagosomes.