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Updated: May 15, 2026
10:19
Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
Published on: November 10, 2014
Thyroid tuberculosis with abnormal thyroid function--case report and review of the literature
Henrique V Luiz1, Bernardo D Pereira, Tiago N Silva
1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada, Portugal. hvaraluiz@gmail.com
Summary
Thyroid tuberculosis (TT) is exceptionally rare, especially when associated with abnormal thyroid function. This case highlights a unique progression from subclinical hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism, emphasizing the need for vigilance in diagnosing this uncommon condition.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathology
Background:
- Thyroid tuberculosis (TT) is an extremely rare manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis.
- Abnormal thyroid function associated with TT is even rarer, with limited case reports.
Observation:
- A 45-year-old man presented with neck mass, respiratory, and constitutional symptoms.
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in thyroid and cervical lymph node aspirates.
- The patient exhibited subclinical hyperthyroidism that progressed to hypothyroidism.
Findings:
- Disseminated tuberculosis involving the thyroid and cervical lymph nodes was diagnosed.
- Tuberculous thyroiditis was identified as the cause of the evolving thyroid dysfunction.
- Culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex responded well to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Implications:
- TT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, particularly in endemic areas.
- Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a valuable diagnostic tool for suspected TT.
- Monitoring thyroid function is crucial in patients diagnosed with TT due to the potential for significant thyroid dysfunction.
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