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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...

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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Published on: January 31, 2025

Decoding the phosphorylation code in Hedgehog signal transduction.

Yongbin Chen1, Jin Jiang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. ybchen@mail.kiz.ac.cn

Cell Research
|January 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucial for development and homeostasis. This review details how protein phosphorylation regulates Hh pathway components, influencing target gene activation and human diseases like cancer.

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Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
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Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis
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Quantitative PCR-based Assay to Measure Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cellular Model of Ciliogenesis

Published on: January 31, 2025

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening
11:13

Identification of Kinase-substrate Pairs Using High Throughput Screening

Published on: August 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
  • Deregulation of Hh signaling is implicated in various human disorders, notably cancer.
  • Key pathway components include Patched (Ptc), Smoothened (Smo), and transcription factors Ci/Gli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of protein phosphorylation in Hh signal transduction.
  • To explore how differential phosphorylation translates morphogen gradients into graded pathway activity.
  • To compare Hh signaling mechanisms between Drosophila and mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on phosphorylation events in Hh signaling.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms of Smo activation and Ci/Gli conversion.
  • Comparative analysis of Hh pathway components and regulation across species.

Main Results:

  • Phosphorylation is integral to signal relay from Smo to Ci/Gli.
  • Differential phosphorylation of pathway components is crucial for graded Hh activity.
  • Smo (a GPCR-related protein) activation involves phosphorylation after Ptc binding.
  • Ci/Gli is converted from a repressor to an activator via phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Protein phosphorylation is a central regulatory mechanism in the Hh pathway.
  • Understanding phosphorylation's role is key to deciphering Hh pathway dynamics and its link to disease.
  • Comparative studies highlight conserved and divergent aspects of Hh signaling.