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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

Errors from Rayleigh-Jeans approximation in satellite microwave radiometer calibration systems.

Fuzhong Weng¹, Xiaolei Zou

¹National Environmental Satellite, Data & Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA.

|January 23, 2013

Summary

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) calibration has biases up to 1-2 K due to the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation. This error, impacting satellite atmospheric measurements, increases with frequency and depends on scene count.

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Area of Science:

Earth Science
Atmospheric Science
Radiometry

Background:

The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) is crucial for satellite-based atmospheric measurements.
ATMS onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite uses a two-point calibration equation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation on ATMS calibration biases.
To quantify the errors introduced by this approximation in radiometric measurements.

Main Methods:

Analysis of the ATMS sensor data record algorithm.
Evaluation of the two-point calibration equation's validity under the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation.

Main Results:

The Rayleigh-Jeans approximation introduces radiometric calibration errors of 1-2 K for ATMS.
These errors are dependent on the Earth scene count and increase with higher frequencies.

Conclusions:

The commonly used Rayleigh-Jeans approximation in ATMS calibration leads to significant biases.
Accurate atmospheric temperature retrieval requires addressing these calibration biases, especially at higher frequencies.