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Related Concept Videos

Barriers to Effective Communication I01:30

Barriers to Effective Communication I

A communication barrier is any distortion or interruption during a conversation, resulting in miscommunication of the message. A good communicator should know these barriers and continuously check for the listener's understanding by obtaining feedback.
Communication barriers include the following:
Physiological barriers: They are limitations caused by a person's health condition or disability, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, or unconsciousness. An example to overcome this barrier...
Barriers to Effective Communication II01:21

Barriers to Effective Communication II

The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Crossing over01:34

Crossing over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Physiological Barriers01:25

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

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Using a Virtual Reality Walking Simulator to Investigate Pedestrian Behavior
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Perseveration in barrier crossing.

Mark A Schmuckler1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON, Canada M1C 1A4. marksch@utsc.utoronto.ca

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|January 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Toddlers exhibit response perseveration when crossing barriers, continuing to choose a side even when it

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Response perseveration is a well-documented phenomenon, typically explained by cognitive, spatially oriented theories.
  • Existing theories often overlook non-spatial tasks, leaving a gap in understanding perseverative behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate response perseveration in toddlers during a barrier-crossing task.
  • To determine if perseveration occurs in tasks with minimal cognitive spatial demands.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted involving toddlers and a barrier-crossing task.
  • The study analyzed toddlers' choices of which side of a barrier to cross.
  • Experiments manipulated difficulty and reference frames (environment-centered vs. body-centered).

Main Results:

  • Significant response perseveration was observed in toddlers' barrier-crossing choices.
  • Perseveration persisted even when the chosen side was more difficult.
  • The perseverative behavior was based on an environment-centered reference frame.

Conclusions:

  • Response perseveration is not limited to tasks with high cognitive spatial demands.
  • Findings challenge existing theories by demonstrating perseveration in a simpler motor task.
  • The results offer insights into perceptual-motor relations and reference frame usage in development.