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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges.

Ami R Amini¹, Cato T Laurencin, Syam P Nukavarapu

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering

|January 24, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered bone tissue offers a promising alternative to bone grafts for treating rising bone disorders. Current research focuses on biomaterials, cells, and growth factors to overcome challenges like vascularization for clinical success.

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Decellularized Apple-Derived Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo

Decellularized Apple-Derived Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Bone disorders are increasing globally, particularly in aging and obese populations.
Engineered bone tissue presents an alternative to traditional bone grafts, offering a limitless supply and preventing disease transmission.
Clinical application of bone tissue engineering is hindered by several challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamentals and current state of bone tissue engineering.
To discuss recent advances in biomaterial and cell-based research for enhanced bone regeneration.
To highlight challenges and future research directions in functional bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

Review of biomaterial scaffolds, including micro/nanostructural properties, biomimetic features, and growth factor incorporation.
Examination of various cellular approaches: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP).
Analysis of clinical application strengths and limitations of different cellular strategies.

Main Results:

Biomaterials research focuses on scaffold properties and growth factor integration to promote bone regeneration.
Stem cell therapies (MSCs, ESCs, iPSCs) and PRP show potential but have limitations for clinical use.
Vascularization remains a significant hurdle in achieving functional bone tissue engineering.

Conclusions:

Bone tissue engineering requires a synergistic approach combining advanced biomaterials, potent cell sources, and effective delivery methods.
Overcoming challenges such as vascularization is crucial for translating bone tissue engineering to clinical practice.
Future research will focus on developing strategies for functional bone regeneration to address the growing burden of bone disorders.