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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Methylphenidate normalizes resting-state brain dysfunction in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Li An1, Xiao-Hua Cao, Qing-Jiu Cao

  • 1Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|January 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) normalized brain activity in children with ADHD, as shown by resting-state fMRI. This suggests MPH could be a prognostic tool for treatment response in ADHD.

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Altered spontaneous brain activity is a hallmark of ADHD.
  • Methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) is a widely used stimulant medication for ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of MPH on resting-state brain activity in children with ADHD.
  • To compare brain activity in children with ADHD to healthy controls.
  • To explore the potential of resting-state fMRI as a prognostic tool for MPH treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) was used.
  • A regional homogeneity (ReHo) method assessed local synchronization of brain activity.
  • A randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled design was employed with MPH and placebo conditions.

Main Results:

  • Children with ADHD showed altered ReHo in prefrontal, sensorimotor, and parieto-visual cortices compared to controls.
  • MPH normalized these ReHo differences between ADHD patients and controls.
  • Acute MPH effects on ReHo in the right parietal cortex predicted 8-week treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • An acute dose of MPH normalized fronto-parieto-cerebellar brain activity in children with ADHD.
  • RS-fMRI may serve as a prognostic imaging tool for identifying MPH treatment responders in ADHD.