Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

The Phragmoplast

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...

Transgenic Plants

Transgenic Plants

Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mild low-phosphate stress induced by coral sand increases the sugar content in tomato fruits.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2026

Same author

Genetic dissection of nonconventional introns reveals codominant noncanonical splicing code in <i>Euglena</i>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

BIL7 enhances plant growth by regulating the transcription factor BIL1/BZR1 during brassinosteroid signaling.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024

Same author

Arabidopsis DREB26/ERF12 and its close relatives regulate cuticular wax biosynthesis under drought stress condition.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2024

Same author

Regulatory networks in plant responses to drought and cold stress.

Plant physiology·2024

Same author

BIL9 Promotes Both Plant Growth via BR Signaling and Drought Stress Resistance by Binding with the Transcription Factor HDG11.

Plant & cell physiology·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

Published on: November 23, 2011

Small open reading frames associated with morphogenesis are hidden in plant genomes.

Kousuke Hanada¹, Mieko Higuchi-Takeuchi, Masanori Okamoto

¹Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. kohanada@psc.riken.jp

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|January 24, 2013

Summary

Researchers discovered thousands of small open reading frames (sORFs) in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Many of these sORFs, previously overlooked, are expressed and influence plant development, suggesting crucial roles in morphogenesis.

More Related Videos

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

In Situ Hybridization for the Precise Localization of Transcripts in Plants

Published on: November 23, 2011

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

Area of Science:

Genomics
Plant Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Small open reading frames (sORFs) are often missed during genome annotation.
The functional significance of identified sORFs in plant genomes remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize coding small open reading frames (sORFs) in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome.
To investigate the expression patterns and functional roles of these sORFs across various plant organs and environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

Bioinformatic identification of approximately 8,000 sORFs with high coding potential in intergenic regions.
Generation of an expression atlas for 7,901 coding sORFs across 16 organs and 17 environmental conditions using a designed array.
Analysis of sORF conservation in other land plants and assessment of phenotypic effects upon overexpression.

Main Results:

Identified 2,099 coding sORFs with high expression under specific conditions.
Found 571 coding sORFs to be conserved across land plants.
Observed that approximately 10% of overexpressed sORFs (49/473) induced visible phenotypic effects, a significantly higher proportion than known genes.

Conclusions:

A substantial number of previously hidden coding sORFs in plant genomes are functionally relevant.
These sORFs play a significant role in plant morphogenesis.
The generated expression atlas provides a valuable resource for future research on sORF functions in plants.