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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Idiopathic sclerosing inflammation presenting as sinusitis.

Henry P Barham1, Megan K Dishop, Jeremy D Prager

  • 1Departments of Otolaryngology and Pathology.

Allergy & Rhinology (Providence, R.I.)
|January 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation, a rare immune-mediated condition, can present as sinusitis. Combining immunosuppressants with steroids improved a patient's vision and reduced lesion size.

Keywords:
Azathioprineextraorbitalidiopathicinflammationorbitalsclerosingsinusitis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Rheumatology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation is a rare, poorly understood immune-mediated condition causing significant disability.
  • While it can affect the head and neck, presentation as sinusitis is uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation presenting as sinusitis.
  • To review the literature on this rare condition and its management.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 14-year-old girl with vision loss and facial pain after sinus surgery.
  • Literature review of idiopathic sclerosing inflammation.

Main Results:

  • The patient's lesion extended from the maxillary sinus into the orbit.
  • Initial high-dose steroids provided temporary relief, but immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine) with steroids led to symptom improvement and lesion reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic sclerosing inflammation involves chronic, immune-mediated fibrosis.
  • Combined immunosuppressive and corticosteroid therapy is recommended due to poor response to steroids or radiotherapy alone.