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Redox Reactions

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...

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Redox artifacts in electrophysiological recordings.

Jonathan M Berman¹, Mouhamed S Awayda

¹Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology

|January 25, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Electrophysiological studies can be affected by voltage offsets in Ag/AgCl electrodes caused by common reagents. These artifacts, mimicking biological signals, impact electrophysiology measurements.

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Area of Science:

* Electrophysiology
* Bioanalytical Chemistry
* Electrode Science

Background:

* Ag/AgCl electrodes are essential for electrophysiological recordings.
* Electrode performance can be altered by experimental conditions and chemical reagents.
* Voltage offsets in electrodes can introduce artifacts into electrophysiological data.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate voltage offsets in Ag/AgCl electrodes induced by redox reagents.
* To quantify the impact of various chemical and physical conditions on electrode voltage.
* To identify potential sources of artifacts in electrophysiological recordings.

Main Methods:

* Measurement of voltage offsets using a reference electrode separated by an agar bridge.
* Exposure of Ag/AgCl electrodes to reducing agents (Tris-2-carboxyethly-phosphine, DTT, glutathione) and an oxidizing agent (H2O2).
* Assessment of offsets under varying chloride ion concentrations, pH, and after electrolytic depletion of the AgCl layer.

Main Results:

* Reducing and oxidizing reagents, chloride ions, acids, and bases induced significant voltage offsets.
* Electrolytic depletion increased sensitivity to flow and DTT.
* Voltage offsets varied widely (10-284 mV with 10 μM DTT) based on electrode properties and chloride deposition.
* Generated currents can be misinterpreted as biological signals.

Conclusions:

* Redox reagents and other common chemicals can cause significant voltage offsets in Ag/AgCl electrodes.
* Electrode preparation methods (e.g., chloride deposition) influence artifact magnitude.
* These artifacts can be mistaken for biological signals, impacting electrophysiology results.
* Awareness of these artifacts is crucial for accurate electrophysiological data interpretation.