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Updated: May 14, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations

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[Strategies to avoid antibiotic resistance].

¹Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200, Berlin. martin.kees@charite.de

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin

|January 25, 2013

Summary

Rational antibiotic use is crucial for critically ill patients to combat rising antimicrobial resistance. Strategies like strict indications, de-escalation, and limited duration, alongside pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic principles, are essential for effective treatment and preserving antibiotic efficacy.

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Area of Science:

Critical Care Medicine
Infectious Diseases
Pharmacology

Context:

Antibiotics are vital for critically ill patients, often serving as life-saving treatments.
High usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics accelerates antimicrobial resistance.
Rational prescription behavior is therefore mandatory in intensive care settings.

Purpose:

To emphasize the necessity of judicious antibiotic stewardship in critically ill populations.
To highlight strategies for reducing antibiotic consumption.
To advocate for the integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in antibiotic therapy.

Summary:

Critically ill patients frequently receive antibiotics, necessitating careful prescribing to mitigate escalating antimicrobial resistance.
Key strategies include rigorous indications for use, targeted de-escalation of therapy, and limiting treatment duration.
Optimizing antibiotic efficacy involves applying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles.

Impact:

Reduced development and spread of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare settings.
Improved patient outcomes through effective and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Preservation of antibiotic effectiveness for future critical care needs.