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Priming the mental time-line: effects of modality and processing mode.

Bettina Rolke1, Susana Ruiz Fernández, Mareike Schmid

  • 1Evolutionary Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Schleichstrasse 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. bettina.rolke@uni-tuebingen.de

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The mental time-line, where past is left and future is right, is activated by visual cues but not auditory ones unless attention is focused. This suggests spatial representations of time are flexible and context-dependent.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Abstract concepts like time are often understood through concrete spatial metaphors.
  • The mental time-line (past=left, future=right) is a common spatial representation of time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the relationship between temporal and spatial representations.
  • Examine if spatial correlates of time are unintentionally activated.
  • Determine how task demands and sensory modality influence mental time-line activation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a priming paradigm with visual and auditory temporal adverbs (e.g., yesterday, tomorrow).
  • Participants performed a color discrimination task using left/right hand responses.
  • Manipulated task relevance and sensory modality of prime words across five experiments.

Main Results:

  • Visual primes facilitated responses consistent with the mental time-line when temporal reference was task-irrelevant.
  • Auditory primes did not show this effect unless attention was directed to their temporal meaning.
  • Priming effects were modality-specific and modulated by attentional focus.

Conclusions:

  • Task demands differentially influence the activation of the mental time-line across visual and auditory modalities.
  • Supports a flexible association between conceptual codes, where spatial representations of time are context-dependent.
  • Highlights the role of attention in modulating cognitive representations.