p63 steps into the limelight: crucial roles in the suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis

Area of Science:

• Molecular biology
• Cancer research
• Genetics

Background:

• The function of TP63 (encoding p63) in cancer remains debated, with conflicting evidence suggesting both tumor suppressor and oncogenic roles.
• This controversy stems from the existence of multiple p63 isoforms, each possessing distinct biological activities.
• Understanding p63's complex role is crucial for advancing cancer research and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in p63 biology and its multifaceted roles in cancer.
• To elucidate the function of p63 in stem cell compartments, aging, and DNA damage response/repair.
• To highlight the significance of p53 family interactions for cancer therapeutics and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings on p63.
• Analysis of p63's involvement in various cellular processes, including stem cell function and DNA repair.
• Discussion of the interplay between p63, p53, and p73.

Main Results:

• p63 exhibits context-dependent functions, acting as a tumor suppressor in some instances and an oncogene in others.
• p63 plays critical roles in maintaining stem cell populations and influencing cellular aging.
• The DNA damage response and repair pathways are significantly impacted by p63 activity.

Conclusions:

• Resolving the dual role of p63 isoforms is essential for accurate cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies.
• Targeting p63 interactions within the p53 family holds promise for novel cancer therapies.
• Further research into p63 biology can drive advancements in regenerative medicine.