Bilateral taurodontism in primary dentition with hypodontia

Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly in which there is an enlarged pulp chamber at the expense of roots with apical displacement of the pulpal floor, giving it a rectangular shape. It is caused by the failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to invaginate at the proper horizontal level. Taurodontism has been reported as an intraoral feature of several syndromes like Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Hurler syndrome, etc. Association of taurodontism with hypodontia in permanent dentition has also been reported. Taurodontism in primary dentition and its association with hypodontia is very rarely reported in the literature. The present case illustrates bilateral taurodontism of primary mandibular molars with hypodontia in maxilla.