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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Conformational Evaluation of HIV-1 Trimeric Envelope Glycoproteins Using a Cell-based ELISA Assay
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The HIV-1 gp120 major variable regions modulate cold inactivation.

Halima Medjahed1, Beatriz Pacheco, Anik Désormeaux

  • 1Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Virology
|January 25, 2013
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Summary

HIV-1 entry depends on envelope glycoproteins (Env gps). Cold sensitivity and antibody neutralization are linked to specific gp120 variable regions, V1V2 and V3, influencing viral fusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • HIV-1 entry into target cells is mediated by viral envelope glycoproteins (Env gps) interacting with cellular receptors.
  • Env gps possess high potential energy, which is harnessed during receptor binding to drive membrane fusion.
  • Certain HIV-1 strains exhibit functional inactivation upon prolonged cold incubation, suggesting a link between Env energy states and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular determinants of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein sensitivity to cold, soluble CD4, and neutralizing antibodies.
  • To characterize the functional properties of chimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins derived from different clade C strains.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and characterization of chimeric envelope glycoproteins between two distinct clade C HIV-1 strains.
  • Assessment of chimera sensitivities to cold, soluble CD4, and neutralizing antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Sensitivity to cold, soluble CD4, and neutralizing antibodies varied among the chimeric constructs.
  • These distinct properties were predominantly attributed to specific elements within the gp120 variable regions, namely V1V2 and V3.
  • Discrete regions within gp120 V1V2 and V3 dictate HIV-1 Env functional properties.

Conclusions:

  • The V1V2 and V3 regions of HIV-1 gp120 are critical determinants of envelope glycoprotein sensitivity to environmental factors and immune effectors.
  • Understanding these regions provides insights into HIV-1 entry mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.