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Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates
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NHC-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers on Solid Gold Substrates.

Tobias Weidner1, Joe E Baio, Alexander Mundstock

  • 1National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems (NESAC/BIO), Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

Australian Journal of Chemistry
|January 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Self-assembled monolayers of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BIEt) were formed on gold substrates. Surface analysis confirmed a nearly vertical molecular orientation, supported by crystal structure data.

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Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Published on: October 4, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are crucial for surface functionalization.
  • Understanding molecular orientation in SAMs is key for device applications.
  • 1,3-diethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BIEt) is a molecule with potential for surface studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize thin films of 1,3-diethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene (BIEt) on gold.
  • To determine the orientation of BIEt molecules in self-assembled monolayers.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure of (BIEt)2.

Main Methods:

  • Thin film fabrication from Tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution on gold substrates.
  • High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) for surface analysis.
  • Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for molecular orientation.
  • X-ray diffraction for crystal structure determination.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of BIEt thin films on gold.
  • Surface analysis indicated the formation of self-assembled monolayers.
  • NEXAFS and HAXPES data suggest an approximately vertical orientation of BIEt molecules.
  • The crystal structure of (BIEt)2 was determined.

Conclusions:

  • BIEt forms well-ordered self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces.
  • The molecules adopt a predominantly vertical orientation, beneficial for surface-based applications.
  • The determined crystal structure provides insights into the molecular packing.