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Related Concept Videos

Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations01:23

Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations

Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial differential between quantities that can be hard to measure experimentally to a partial differential between quantities that can be easily measured. These relations are a set of equations derivable from the symmetry of the second derivatives and the thermodynamic potentials.
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
Multicompartment Models: Overview01:14

Multicompartment Models: Overview

Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment
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A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: December 1, 2023

Thermodynamic model equations for heterogeneous multicomponent non-ionic solution transport in a multimembrane

A Slęzak1, S Grzegorczyn, A Sieroń

  • 1Institute of Physics, Pedagogical University, Czestochowa, Poland.

Journal of Biological Physics
|January 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new non-equilibrium thermodynamic model describes solution transport across membranes. This model, validated for binary and ternary solutions, quantifies volume and solute fluxes, offering insights into membrane permeability coefficients.

Keywords:
Concentration boundary layersKedem Katchalsky equationsgravity effectsmembrane transport

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Published on: February 23, 2018

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Computational Modeling Approach to Investigate the Influence of Hyperthermia on the Tumor Microenvironment
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A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Membrane Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding multi-component solution transport through membranes is crucial for various applications.
  • Existing models may not fully capture non-equilibrium conditions or heterogeneous systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a non-equilibrium thermodynamic model for n-component solution transport in m-membrane systems.
  • To define and relate hydraulic and diffusive permeability coefficients for membrane systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-equation model for volume and solute transport.
  • Defined hydraulic permeability, reflection, and diffusive permeability coefficients.
  • Verified the model using a double-membrane cell with binary and ternary solutions.

Main Results:

  • Presented equations for non-ionic and heterogeneous n-component solution transport.
  • Provided definitions and relations for membrane system coefficients.
  • Demonstrated model validity through experimental measurements of volume and solute fluxes.

Conclusions:

  • The presented non-equilibrium thermodynamic model effectively describes solution transport in heterogeneous membrane systems.
  • The model provides a framework for understanding and quantifying membrane transport properties.
  • Experimental validation confirms the model's applicability to binary and ternary solutions.