Membrane Transport Generated by the Osmotic and Hydrostatic Pressure. Correlation Relation for Parameters L(p), σ,...

Standard approach to membrane transport generated by osmotic andhydrostatic pressures, developed by Kedem and Katchalsky, is based onprinciples of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. In this paper wepropose an alternative technique. We derive transport equations from fewfairly natural assumptions and a mechanistic interpretation of the flows.In particular we postulate that a sieve-type membrane permeability isdetermined by the pore sizes and these are random within certain range.Assuming that an individual pore is either permeable or impermeable tosolute molecules, the membrane reflection coefficient depends on the ratioof permeable and impermeable pores. Considering flows through permeableand impermeable pores separately, we derive equations for the total volumeflux, solute flux and the solvent flux across the membrane. Comparing themechanistic equations to the Kedem-Katchalsky equations we find the formereasier to interpret physically. Based on the mechanistic equations we alsoderive a correlation relation for the membrane transport parameters L(p),σ, and ω. This relation eliminates the need for experimentaldetermination of all three phenomenological parameters, which in somecases met with considerable difficulties.