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S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

Negative Regulator Molecules

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

DNA Replication and Cell Cycle Progression Regulatedby Long Range Interaction between Protein Complexes bound to DNA.

Journal of Biological Physics

|January 25, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A physics model explains DNA replication and cell cycle control in T cells. It describes how forces between pre-replication complexes regulate DNA duplication, preventing re-replication and ensuring correct DNA content in G2 cells.

Keywords:

Cell cycle DNA duplex DNA origin DNA replication Rb protein cyclin kinases licensing factor microtubules origin recognition complex p27 recognition complex

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

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Last Updated: May 14, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

* Biophysics
* Cell Biology
* Theoretical Physics

Background:

* The cell cycle and DNA replication are complex processes involving precise regulation.
* Understanding the physical forces governing these processes is crucial for comprehending cell division.

Purpose of the Study:

* To develop a physics-based model for DNA replication and cell cycle control.
* To explain the mechanisms preventing re-replication and ensuring accurate DNA content.
* To investigate the role of physical interactions in T cell division and microtubule dynamics.

Main Methods:

* Application of many-body physics principles to a chemically open T cell model.
* Mathematical modeling of forces between pre-replication complexes (pre-RCs).
* Analysis of the model's predictions against experimental data from T cells and microtubules.

Main Results:

* A model predicting long-range forces between pre-RCs that control DNA replication initiation and termination.
* Explanation of re-replication prevention through force sign switches.
* Successful correlation of model-derived response curves with experimental data for T cells and microtubule dynamics.

Conclusions:

* The proposed physics model successfully explains key aspects of DNA replication and cell cycle regulation.
* The model provides a framework for understanding dynamic instability in microtubules.
* The study highlights the interplay between physical forces and biological processes in cell division.