Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

pre-mRNA Processing

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Hierarchy of codon usage frequencies from codon-anticodon interaction in the crystal basis model.

Bio Systems·2023

Same author

Codon bias from minimization of codon-anticodon interaction.

Bio Systems·2015

Same author

Codon-anticodon interaction and the genetic code evolution.

Bio Systems·2013

Same author

Crystalizing the genetic code.

Journal of biological physics·2013

Same author

Prediction of physical-chemical properties of amino acids from genetic code.

Journal of biological physics·2013

Same author

A minimum principle in codon-anticodon interaction.

Bio Systems·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

A minimum principle in mRNA editing?

L Frappat, A Sciarrino, P Sorba

Journal of Biological Physics

|January 25, 2013

Summary

This study analyzes messenger RNA (mRNA) editing across species, explaining nucleotide insertions and site positions using a novel minimum principle within the genetic code model. This framework clarifies how edited peptide chains are formed.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics
Genetics

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) editing is a post-transcriptional modification process crucial for gene expression diversity.
Understanding the precise mechanisms and principles governing mRNA editing is essential for deciphering cellular function and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze mRNA editing in various species.
To explain the nature of inserted nucleotides and insertion sites in edited mRNA sequences.
To elucidate the formation of edited peptide chains through a proposed minimum principle.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of mRNA editing across multiple species.
Application of the crystal basis model of the genetic code.
Introduction of a minimum principle to explain editing events.

Keywords:

02.10.-v PACS number: 87.10.+e

More Related Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 14, 2026

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the C. elegans rbm-3.2 Gene using the dpy-10 Co-CRISPR Screening Marker and Assembled Ribonucleoprotein Complexes.

Published on: December 11, 2020

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Main Results:

Characterization of inserted nucleotides during mRNA editing.
Identification of specific insertion site patterns.
Explanation of edited peptide chain formation based on the minimum principle.

Conclusions:

The minimum principle within the crystal basis model provides a framework for understanding mRNA editing.
This model explains the observed patterns of nucleotide insertion and site selection in mRNA editing across species.