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Related Concept Videos

Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 14, 2026

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components
10:14

Recapitulation of an Ion Channel IV Curve Using Frequency Components

Published on: February 8, 2011

Lyotropic ion channel current model compared with ising model.

Leif Matsson1, Virulh Sa-Yakanit, Santipong Boribarn

  • 1Department of Physics, Condensed Matter Theory Division, Göteborg University, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Journal of Biological Physics
|January 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel non-equilibrium model for ligand-gated ion channel currents, improving accuracy over equilibrium models. The new model better predicts channel behavior across varying reactant and ligand concentrations.

Keywords:
Ising modelLyotropic ion-channel systemdrug potencyion-channel currentsnon-equlibrium neuron firingnon-local coopeartivitypatch clamp

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Contribution of the Na+/K+ Pump to Rhythmic Bursting, Explored with Modeling and Dynamic Clamp Analyses
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Ligand-gated ion channels are crucial for neuronal signaling.
  • Existing equilibrium models often fail to accurately capture trans-membrane current dynamics.
  • Non-equilibrium conditions are prevalent in biological systems but challenging to model.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-equilibrium model for calculating trans-membrane currents in ligand-gated ion channels.
  • To investigate the lyotropic nature of channel dynamics, where parameters are nonlinear functions of reactant concentrations.
  • To compare the novel model's performance against established equilibrium and Ising-like models.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a chemically open, non-equilibrium whole-cell model.
  • Incorporation of reactant concentrations as nonlinear determinants of model parameters (e.g., ligand concentration for half-maximal response, neuronal firing threshold).
  • Comparative analysis against mass action, Ising, and other equilibrium models using recorded data.

Main Results:

  • The derived total current from the non-equilibrium model shows significantly better fit to recorded data compared to equilibrium models.
  • Equilibrium models exhibit substantial displacement (orders of magnitude) in predicted ligand concentration response.
  • A methodology is presented for determining the non-equilibrium concentration dependence of Ising-like models.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-equilibrium model provides a more accurate representation of trans-membrane currents in ligand-gated ion channels.
  • This approach overcomes limitations of equilibrium models, particularly in predicting responses across varying chemical environments.
  • The study offers a framework for understanding and modeling non-equilibrium effects in ion channel function and neuronal excitability.