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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Updated: May 14, 2026

Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse
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Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse

Published on: November 2, 2017

Neurogenic bladder in lyme disease.

Mi-Hwa Kim1, Won Chan Kim, Dong-Su Park

  • 1Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea.

International Neurourology Journal
|January 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights a rare instance of Lyme disease presenting with severe neurological and urologic symptoms, including voiding difficulty. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this complex tick-borne illness.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is a tick-borne illness affecting multiple systems.
  • Urologic symptoms, including voiding dysfunction, can be disabling manifestations of Lyme disease.
  • While rare in non-endemic areas like Korea, Lyme disease can present atypically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of Lyme disease in Korea with significant neurological and urologic sequelae.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering Lyme disease in patients with unexplained neurological and voiding dysfunction.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic process and treatment outcomes for neurogenic bladder secondary to Lyme disease.

Main Methods:

  • Serologic tests for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies and Western blot testing were used for diagnosis.
Keywords:
Lyme diseaseNeurogenic urinary bladderUrodynamics

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Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder
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Isolation and Culture of Primary Neurons and Glia from Adult Rat Urinary Bladder

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Published on: May 23, 2020

  • Urodynamic studies, including detrusor areflexia assessment and bulbocavernosus reflex tests, were performed.
  • A 4-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone was administered.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient presented with bilateral ptosis, dysphagia, spastic paraparesis, and voiding difficulty.
    • Diagnostic tests confirmed Lyme disease, with urodynamics indicating demyelination at S2-S4.
    • Neurological symptoms improved with treatment, but neurogenic bladder persisted.

    Conclusions:

    • Lyme disease can cause severe neurological deficits and persistent neurogenic bladder.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential, even in non-endemic regions.
    • Voiding dysfunction in Lyme disease may require long-term management.