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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry
10:54

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Targeting histone modifications--epigenetics in cancer.

Tanja Waldmann1, Robert Schneider

  • 1Doerenkamp-Zbinden Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|January 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic alterations, particularly histone modifications, play a crucial role in cancer formation alongside genetic mutations. Understanding these epigenetic changes is vital for cancer research.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer is a major human disease driven by genetic mutations.
  • Epigenetic alterations are increasingly recognized as critical factors in cancer development.
  • Post-translational histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on epigenetic mechanisms in cancer formation.
  • To explore the interplay between epigenetic and genetic factors in tumorigenesis.
  • To highlight the role of histone modifications in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research findings.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in cancer.
  • Focus on post-translational histone modifications.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to cancer development.
  • Imbalanced histone modifications disrupt gene expression, leading to cancer.
  • Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms interact to promote tumorigenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms, especially histone modifications, are crucial in cancer.
  • Understanding these mechanisms offers new avenues for cancer research and treatment.
  • The interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors is central to cancer formation.